Did Imam ar-Razi (d. 606 A.H.) Believe in the Textual Corruption (๐๐โ๐๐๐๐) of the Torah?
Several missionaries allege that Imam ar-Razi believed in the textual integrity of the Torah and that he believed it was only hermeneutically corrupted (tahreef al-maโna). Even some Muslims hold this view as well. They base this on certain statements Imam ar-Razi made in his Qurโanic commentary, Mafateeh al-Ghayb.
For instance, he remarked when discussing Surah 2:174,[1] 4:46,[2] and 5:13[3] that the Torah cannot be textually corrupted because it has been mass transmitted in a mutawatir manner, similar to the Qurโan, whereby textual corruption cannot occur at a mass scale.
However, Ar-Razi made other remarks that clarify what he meant by these statements. If we read what Ar-Razi said elsewhere in his Quโranic commentary when discussing Surah 2:75,[4] 4:46,[5] and 6:91,[6] in addition to a critical statement he made in his book Al-Arbaโeen fi Usul ad-Deen, vol. 2, pp. 77,[7] his stance becomes much clearer.
Imam ar-Razi believed that the Torah was actually corrupted textually at a certain point in the past (in Babel to be precise), but later on, when it became mass transmitted, further textual corruption was no longer possible. Thus, the corruption (tahreef) that the Jews engaged in after that point was restricted to exegetical corruption (tahreef al-maโna). Thus, ar-Razi believed that the Jews continued to exegetically corrupt the Torah that was already textually corrupted in the past in Babel but were no longer capable of textually corrupting it at a mass scale after it was transmitted in a mutawatir fashion.
In summary, the allegation that ar-Razi believed that the Torah in possession of the Jews today is the unadulterated Torah Allah revealed to Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) is false.
[1] He stated:
ุงูู ุณุฃูุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ: ุงุฎุชูููุง ูู ููููุฉ ุงููุชู ุงูุ ูุงูู ุฑูู ุนู ุงุจู ุนุจุงุณ: ุฃููู ูุงููุง ู ุญุฑููู ูุญุฑููู ุงูุชูุฑุงุฉ ูุงูุฅูุฌููุ ูุนูุฏ ุงูู ุชููู ูู ูุฐุง ู ู ุชูุนุ ูุฃููู ุง ูุงูุง ูุชุงุจูู ุจูุบุง ูู ุงูุดูุฑุฉ ูุงูุชูุงุชุฑ ุฅูู ุญูุซ ูุชุนุฐุฑ ุฐูู ูููู ุงุ ุจู ูุงููุง ููุชู ูู ุงูุชุฃูููุ ูุฃูู ูุฏ ูุงู ูููู ู ู ูุนุฑู ุงูุขูุงุช ุงูุฏุงูุฉ ุนูู ูุจูุฉ ู ุญู ุฏ ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ุ ููุงููุง ูุฐูุฑูู ููุง ุชุฃูููุงุช ุจุงุทูุฉุ ููุตุฑููููุง ุนู ู ุญุงู ููุง ุงูุตุญูุญุฉ ุงูุฏุงูุฉ ุนูู ูุจูุฉ ู ุญู ุฏ ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ุ ููุฐุง ูู ุงูู ุฑุงุฏ ู ู ุงููุชู ุงูุ ููุตูุฑ ุงูู ุนูู: ุฅู ุงูุฐูู ููุชู ูู ู ุนุงูู ู ุง ุฃูุฒู ุงููู ู ู ุงููุชุงุจ.
[2] He said:
ูุงู ููู: ููู ูู ูู ูุฐุง ูู ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูุฐู ุจูุบุช ุขุญุงุฏ ุญุฑููู ูููู ุงุชู ู ุจูุบ ุงูุชูุงุชุฑ ุงูู ุดููุฑ ูู ุงูุดุฑู ูุงูุบุฑุจุ ูููุง ูุนูู ููุงู: ุงูููู ูุงููุง ููููููุ ูุงูุนูู ุงุก ุจุงููุชุงุจ ูุงููุง ูู ุบุงูุฉ ุงูููุฉ ููุฏุฑูุง ุนูู ูุฐุง ุงูุชุญุฑููุ
ูุงูุซุงูู: ุฃู ุงูู ุฑุงุฏ ุจุงูุชุญุฑูู: ุฅููุงุก ุงูุดุจู ุงูุจุงุทูุฉุ ูุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงููุงุณุฏุฉุ ูุตุฑู ุงูููุธ ุนู ู ุนูุงู ุงูุญู ุฅูู ู ุนูู ุจุงุทู ุจูุฌูู ุงูุญูู ุงูููุธูุฉุ ูู ุง ููุนูู ุฃูู ุงูุจุฏุนุฉ ูู ุฒู ุงููุง ูุฐุง ุจุงูุขูุงุช ุงูู ุฎุงููุฉ ูู ุฐุงูุจูู ุ ููุฐุง ูู ุงูุฃุตุญ.
ุงูุซุงูุซ: ุฃููู ูุงููุง ูุฏุฎููู ุนูู ุงููุจู ุตูู ุงููู ุนููู ูุณูู ููุณุฃูููู ุนู ุฃู ุฑ ููุฎุจุฑูู ููุฃุฎุฐูุง ุจูุ ูุฅุฐุง ุฎุฑุฌูุง ู ู ุนูุฏู ุญุฑููุง ููุงู ู.
[3] He remarked:
}ูุญุฑููู ุงูููู ุนู ู ูุงุถุนู{ููุฐุง ุงูุชุญุฑูู ูุญุชู ู ุงูุชุฃููู ุงูุจุงุทูุ ููุญุชู ู ุชุบููุฑ ุงูููุธุ ููุฏ ุจููุง ููู ุง ุชูุฏู ุฃู ุงูุฃูู ุฃููู ูุฃู ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูู ูููู ุจุงูุชูุงุชุฑ ูุง ูุชุฃุชู ููู ุชุบููุฑ ุงูููุธ.
[4] He stated:
ุงูู ุณุฃูุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉุ ูุงู ุงููุงุถู: ุฅู ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุฅู ุง ุฃู ูููู ูู ุงูููุธ ุฃู ูู ุงูู ุนููุ ูุญู ู ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุนูู ุชุบููุฑ ุงูููุธ ุฃููู ู ู ุญู ูู ุนูู ุชุบููุฑ ุงูู ุนููุ ูุฃู ููุงู ุงููู ุชุนุงูู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุจุงููุง ุนูู ุฌูุชู ูุบูุฑูุง ุชุฃูููู ูุฅูู ุง ูููููู ู ุบูุฑูู ูู ุนูุงู ูุง ูููุณ ุงูููุงู ุงูู ุณู ูุน ูุฅู ุฃู ูู ุฃู ูุญู ู ุนูู ุฐูู ูู ุง ุฑูู ุนู ุงุจู ุนุจุงุณ ู ู ุฃููู ุฒุงุฏูุง ููู ูููุตูุง ููู ุฃูููุ ูุฅู ูู ูู ูู ุฐูู ููุฌุจ ุฃู ูุญู ู ุนูู ุชุบููุฑ ุชุฃูููู ูุฅู ูุงู ุงูุชูุฒูู ุซุงุจุชุงุ ูุฅูู ุง ูู ุชูุน ุฐูู ุฅุฐุง ุธูุฑ ููุงู ุงููู ุธููุฑุง ู ุชูุงุชุฑุง ูุธููุฑ ุงููุฑุขูุ ูุฃู ุง ูุจู ุฃู ูุตูุฑ ูุฐูู ูุบูุฑ ู ู ุชูุน ุชุญุฑูู ููุณ ููุงู ูุ
[5] He remarked:
ุงูู
ุณุฃูุฉ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ: ุฐูุฑ ุงููู ุชุนุงูู ูููุง:ย }ุนู ู
ูุงุถุนู{ููู ุงูู
ุงุฆุฏุฉ}ู
ู ุจุนุฏ ู
ูุงุถุนู{ูุงููุฑู ุฃูุง ุฅุฐุง ูุณุฑูุง ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุจุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงูุจุงุทูุฉุ ููููุง ูููู:ย }ูุญุฑููู ุงูููู
ุนู ู
ูุงุถุนู{ู
ุนูุงู: ุฃููู
ูุฐูุฑูู ุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงููุงุณุฏุฉ ูุชูู ุงููุตูุตุ ููููุง ูููู:ย }ูุญุฑููู ุงูููู
ุนู ู
ูุงุถุนูย {ู
ุนูุงู: ุฃููู
ูุฐูุฑูู ุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงููุงุณุฏุฉ ูุชูู ุงููุตูุตุ ูููุณ ููู ุจูุงู ุฃููู
ูุฎุฑุฌูู ุชูู ุงูููุธุฉ ู
ู ุงููุชุงุจ.
ูุฃู
ุง ุงูุขูุฉ ุงูู
ุฐููุฑุฉ ูู ุณูุฑุฉ ุงูู
ุงุฆุฏุฉุ ููู ุฏุงูุฉ ุนูู ุฃููู
ุฌู
ุนูุง ุจูู ุงูุฃู
ุฑูู ููุงููุง ูุฐูุฑูู ุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงููุงุณุฏุฉุ ููุงููุง ูุฎุฑุฌูู ุงูููุธ ุฃูุถูุง ู
ู ุงููุชุงุจุ ููููู:ย }ูุญุฑููู ุงูููู
{ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุชุฃููู ุงูุจุงุทู ููููู:ย }ู
ู ุจุนุฏ ู
ูุงุถุนู{ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู ุนู ุงููุชุงุจ.
[6] He said:
ูุฅู ููู: ููู ููุฏุฑูู ุนูู ุฐูู ู
ุน ุฃู ุงูุชูุฑุงุฉ ูุชุงุจ ูุตู ุฅูู ุฃูู ุงูู
ุดุฑู ูุงูู
ุบุฑุจุ ูุนุฑูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุฃูู ุงูุนูู
ูุญูุธููุ ูู
ุซู ูุฐุง ุงููุชุงุจ ูุง ูู
ูู ุฅุฏุฎุงู ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูุงูููุตุงู ูููุ ูุงูุฏููู ุนููู ุฃู ุงูุฑุฌู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุฒู
ุงู ูู ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุฅุฏุฎุงู ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูุงูููุตุงู ูู ุงููุฑุขู ูู
ููุฏุฑ ุนูููุ ููุฐุง ุงูููู ูู ุงูุชูุฑุงุฉ.
ูููุง: ูุฏ ุฐูุฑูุง ูู ุณูุฑุฉ ุงูุจูุฑุฉ ุฃู ุงูู
ุฑุงุฏ ู
ู ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุชูุณูุฑ ุขูุงุช ุงูุชูุฑุงุฉ ุจุงููุฌูู ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ ุงููุงุณุฏุฉ ูู
ุง ููุนูู ุงูู
ุจุทููู ูู ุฒู
ุงููุง ูุฐุง ุจุขูุงุช ุงููุฑุขู.
[7] He stated:
ยซููุญูุฑููููููู ุงููููููู
ู ู
ููู ุจูุนูุฏู ู
ููุงุถูุนููู ูููููููููู ุฅููู ุฃููุชููุชูู
ู ูุฐุง ููุฎูุฐููููุ ูู ุฅููู ููู
ู ุชูุคูุชููููู ููุงุญูุฐูุฑููุงยป
[ุงูู
ุงุฆุฏุฉ 41].
ู ููุฏ ุบูุฑุช ุงูุชูุฑุงุฉ ุงูุฃุตููุฉ ูู ยซุจุงุจูยป ุนูู ูุฐุง ุงููุญูุ ู ุงุณุชูุฑุช ู
ู ุจุนุฏ ยซุจุงุจูยป ุนูู ูุถุนูุง ุงูุญุงูู. ู ุงูุชุดุฑุช ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ู ูุฐูู ุตุนุจ ุนูู ุงููููุฏ ุชุญุฑูููุง ููุธูุง. ู ูุฌุฆูุง ุงูู ููุน ู
ู ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุนุฌูุจ. ู ููย ุชุญุฑููย ุงูููู
ุนู ู
ูุงุถุนู ุจุงูุชุฃูููุงุช ุงููุงุณุฏุฉ
Sam form answering Islam tried to respond to you in your old articles about Al razi position thoughts https://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Bible/ar_razi_scriptures.html
Some commenter which I assume to be an Arab christian, Allah ๏ทป Knows best, claims that the following is unreliable.....
Narrated Ikrima: Ibn Abbas said, "How can you ask the people of the Scriptures about their Books while you have Allah's Book (the Qur'an) which is the most recent of the Books revealed by Allah, and you read it in its pure undistorted form?" (Sahih al-Bukhari 7522)
In an attempt to dismiss authentic evidence that shows textual corruption of the Bible he reasons that it is unreliable due to a supposed unknown narrator named Ayoub in the isnad. He also claims that Haitham ibn Wardan, which is also in the isnad, doesn't fit in the right time (his words).
He also disputes the following.....
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to Uthman at the time when the people of Sham and the people of Iraq were Waging war to conquer Arminya and Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to Uthman, "O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Qur'an) as Jews and the Christians did before." (Sahih al-Bukhari 4987)
His reasoning for it is that the two last transmitters Musa and Ibrahim are anonymous. The time between them and Zuhri, as he claims, is also problematic (again his words). What's the truth on this matter?